• Present Tenses:

• Present Simple:



Definition: Describes general truths, habits, or regular actions.



• Examples:
• I always eat breakfast before work.
• The train arrives at 9 AM every day.
• Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
• She works as a teacher at the local school.
• Cats sleep a lot during the day.
• The Earth revolves around the Sun.
• I visit my grandparents every Sunday.
• He plays the piano in the evening.
• The store opens at 8 AM and closes at 6 PM.
• I live in New York City.

In each of these examples, the verbs are in the Present Simple tense, indicating routine, facts, general truths, or habitsF

Present continuous:

Definition: Describes actions happening at the moment of speaking.

Examples:

I am currently working on a new project.

They are playing basketball in the park.

She is studying for her exams this week.

We are watching a movie tonight.

The chef is cooking a delicious meal in the kitchen.

It is raining outside, so we are staying indoors.

The children are laughing and playing in the yard.

My parents are visiting us next month.

I am learning Spanish at the language school.

Present Perfect:

Definition: Indicates actions that were completed in the past but have relevance to the present.

Examples:

I have visited Paris multiple times.

She has already finished her homework.

They have lived in this city for ten years.

We have never been to Asia.

He has just bought a new car.

The team has won the championship.

I have seen that movie before.

She has visited three different countries this year.

They have known each other since childhood.

The company has recently launched a new product.

Present Perfect Continuous:

Definition: Expresses an action that started in the past, continues into the present, and may continue into the future.

Examples:

I have been studying for three hours

She has been working on the project since morning.

They have been living in this city for a decade.

We have been waiting for the bus for 30 minutes.

He has been playing the guitar for the entire evening.

The garden looks great; I have been gardening all day.

She has been jogging in the park for an hour.

We have been discussing the issue for quite some time.

They have been renovating their house for the past month.

I have been learning Spanish for the last six months.

Past Tenses:

Past Simple:

Definition: Describes completed actions in the past.

Examples:

I traveled to Japan last summer.

She finished her book yesterday.

We went to the beach on Saturday.

He completed his degree three years ago.

The concert ended at midnight.

They visited their grandparents over the weekend.

I lived in London for five years.

The movie started at 7 PM.

We had a great time at the party.

She graduated from college in 2010.

Past Continuous:

Definition: Depicts actions that were ongoing at a specific point in the past.

Examples:

I was studying when you called.

They were playing football when it started raining.

She was cooking dinner while he was watching TV.

We were driving home when we saw the accident.

He was reading a book at this time yesterday.

The kids were playing in the garden when the sun set.

While I was working, my friend was sleeping.

They were talking on the phone when the power went out.

She was practicing the piano when the neighbors complained.

I was walking in the park when I met an old friend.

Past perfect:

Definition: Expresses an action completed before another action in the past.

Examples:

I had already eaten when you called

By the time I arrived, they had already left.

She realized she had forgotten her keys at home

They had finished their homework before going out.

He had read the book before watching the movie.

We had never seen such a beautiful sunset before that day

By the time the concert started, we had been waiting for an hour.

She had visited Paris twice before deciding to move there.

The team had won several matches before losing the final.

Before the storm hit, they had secured all the windows.

Past Perfect Continuous:

Definition: Describes an ongoing action that was completed before another action in the past.

Examples:

I had been studying for hours before the exam.

By the time she arrived, we had been waiting for two hours.

They were exhausted because they had been working all day.

He realized he had been talking for too long.

We were tired because we had been traveling since morning.

Before the party started, she had been decorating the venue.

I had been practicing the guitar before the concert.

They were out of breath; they had been running to catch the train.

By the time the guests arrived, we had been cooking for hours.

Before the rain started, they had been playing soccer in the field.

Future Tenses:

Future Simple:

Definition: Indicates actions that will happen in the future.

Examples:

I will go to the store after work.

She will graduate from college next year.

They will visit their grandparents during the summer vacation.

He will start a new job in January.

The train will arrive at 3 PM.

We will have dinner at the new restaurant downtown.

She will buy a new car next month.

They will finish the construction by the end of the week.

I will call you when I arrive.

The team will play their next match on Saturday.

Future continues:

Definition: Describes actions that will be ongoing at a specific point in the future.

Examples:

I will be studying for the exam tomorrow evening.

They will be traveling to Europe during the summer.

She will be working on the project when you arrive.

We will be celebrating his birthday at the restaurant.

At this time next week, I will be attending a conference.

The team will be practicing for the championship game.

By 8 PM, they will be watching a movie.

He will be giving a presentation at the conference.

They will be renovating their house next month.

We will be hiking in the mountains this time next year.

Future perfect continues:

Definition: Expresses an action that will be completed before another action in the future.

Examples:

By the time I finish this course, I will have been studying for six months.

By next month, they will have been living in that city for a year.

I will have been working on this project for a week by Friday.

By the end of the year, she will have been teaching for ten years.

They will have been running the marathon for three hours by noon.

By the time you arrive, I will have been waiting for an hour.

We will have been traveling for two days when we reach our destination.

By the time the concert ends, the band will have been playing for three hours.

She will have been practicing the piano for five years by her recital.

They will have been building the bridge for a year by the time it opens.

Future perfect continues:

Definition: Expresses an action that will be completed before another action in the future.

Examples:

By the end of the day, I will have finished my report.

She will have completed her degree by the time she turns 25.

They will have lived in the city for ten years next month.

I will have visited five countries by the end of the year.

By 2025, he will have worked in the company for two decades.

The team will have won the championship by the end of the season.

I will have learned to play the piano by the time I graduate.

By tomorrow morning, they will have planted all the trees.

She will have written the book before it is published.

They will have saved enough money for their dream vacation by next summer