To ensure the integrity of any Uninterruptible Power Supply, Telecommunications 48V system or generator,
the lead acid batteries must be checked and maintained.Surprisingly what ever the cost of your Power
Protection system, whether it is a stand alone UPS System or Standby Diesel Generators the most common
single point of failure are the batteries.High resistance, leakage or open circuits will cause batteries
to fail; no longer providing the expected autonomy or, in the case of a generator the inability to
start. The Result - loss of the site load. also suddenly you require a 24-7 emergency call out
engineer.Uninterruptible power supplies may have internal batteries or housed in separate battery
cabinets. Each battery has a recommended design life, generally 5 years or 10 years, although these are
optimistic as they don't take into account high usage of the UPS Battery system caused by intermittent
spikes, brown outs or voltage fluctuations which are absorbed by the batteries to protect your mission
critical sensitive systems.
Indeed though the battery may have an operating life expectancy stated by the manufacturer of generally over
to ten years, if it is not checked on a regular basis it can and will fail. In a string of 32 blocs all
it takes is one battery to become high impedance and the complete string will be useless as the load
will be unable to draw the current it requires and as a result the load will be lost and your critical
load will fall over. The old batteries can be removed and new batteries supplied.
The most obvious signs of Battery leakage due to failure within the sealed lead acid battery causing the
casing to split can be visible. Other issues of high impedance and open circuit are not obvious and
require regular checks.
There are a number of different types of battery construction but they can be approximately divided into to
two common types-'wet cells' and 'valve regulated lead acid' (VRLA) batteries( frequently referred to as just
sealed lead acid batteries').Wet cell battery maintenance can be more time consuming, as the trade off
against increased life expectancy is the higher cost of maintenance due to the necessity of taking
specific gravity readings and topping' up the cell. A visual check of wet cell batteries needs to be
undertaken on a more regular basis as any noticeable drop in electrolyte level must be fleetly
rectified.
The VRLA 'lead acid' battery is more difficult to check being a sealed battery. The most common method
of testing, frequently built into most UPS systems equipment is a battery self test which is frequently carried
out automatically on a weekly/monthly time cycle. If the test fails the UPS system will generate an
alarm. The major drawback is if the equipment is supporting a small load comparative to the capacity of
the equipment the battery will not be worked veritably hard and could precociously fail.
The more reliable means of regular testing a battery is moreover:-
There are several methods of achieving the same result but one method is to pass a known ac current
through the battery and measure the ac voltage and therefore, by using Ohms Law calculate the battery
impedance. These results can be compared with the manufacturer's recommended value and by keeping
records can be compared over a period of time allowing a replacement programme to be implemented when
the battery impedance has reached a preset value.
Which ever method of battery testing you choose , regular battery maintenance is an integral part of any
Uninterruptible Power Supply or Generator standby power protection system .
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